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Breastfeeding: Basics and Tips for Nursing Your Baby

Medically Reviewed past Jennifer Wu, Chiliad.D., F.A.C.O.G.

on Jan 11, 2022

How to get started, how to get comfortable and how to make sure the baby is getting plenty to eat when breastfeeding.

They make it look so like shooting fish in a barrel, those breastfeeding moms you've seen. Without skipping a beat of chat or a bite of lunch, they open a button and latch on a baby, every bit if breastfeeding were the most natural process in the world. But while the source may be natural, nursing know-how — especially for newbie moms and their babies — often doesn't come up naturally at all at showtime.

Whether your start time is a cakewalk, something of a struggle or somewhere in between, there's a lot to acquire. Then the more you know about technique (how to position babe), mechanics (how to know infant is getting enough milk) and logistics (when a meal is over and when information technology's time for another), the more confident and empowered yous'll feel.

Once you get past the initial trial-and-error days of finding the best arrangement for y'all, nursing becomes one of motherhood's most rewarding responsibilities. And breastfeeding offers lots of benefits for both y'all and your infant — giving both of you a head-start on a healthy future.

Breastfeeding 101

To enhance your breastfeeding IQ before you start nursing, take this mini-class in breastfeeding basics.

When your milk comes in

Breast milk arrives in three stages. Nature designed each for your baby'due south age, making it the perfect nutrient from the start 24-hour interval to the 10th and beyond:

Colostrum: When y'all first deliver, milk hasn't nonetheless arrived on the scene. The thick, yellowy (though sometimes articulate) substance that you're producing is colostrum, the same stuff that leaked out of your breasts during pregnancy. This vital blend of protein, vitamins and minerals tin also help defend against harmful leaner and viruses, and possibly fifty-fifty stimulate baby to produce antibodies. It also coats the inside of infant'south intestines, protecting her immature immune system, and protecting against allergies and digestive upset. Plus, it stimulates baby's first bowel motility and reduces jaundice risk. You'll probable make very little, merely infant probably won't need more than a few teaspoons of this "liquid gold" per feeding during the early days. Regularly suckling from the start will help stimulate your body to produce the next stage of milk inside a few days.
Transitional milk: Adjacent on the tasting card is transitional milk, which your breasts serve upwards betwixt colostrum and mature milk, usually effectually the third or fourth day. It resembles milk mixed with orangish juice — but fortunately tastes a lot improve to your baby — and appears when your milk offset "comes in." It contains lower levels of immunoglobulins and protein than colostrum but has more lactose, fat and calories. And don't worry if it doesn't seem like y'all're producing a lot of milk — at 24-hour interval 3, baby'due south stomach is only the size of a walnut.
Mature milk: Arriving betwixt day 10 and two weeks postpartum, mature milk is sparse and white, though sometimes slightly bluish. While it looks similar watery skim milk, information technology'due south packed with all the fat and other nutrients that growing babies need.

All Almost Breastfeeding

Latching babe onto your breast

In the offset, information technology might take quite a few tries to get your baby into the correct position — but keep trying.

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Start, information technology'southward essential to know a good latch, since improper latching is the most common crusade of breast discomfort. Baby's mouth should encompass both your nipple and the areola, so that baby's mouth, tongue and lips massage milk out of your milk glands. Sucking on just the nipple volition non only leave your infant hungry because the glands that secrete the milk won't be compressed, information technology volition too brand your nipples sore and cracked. Here's how to go that latch going:

Hold your babe facing your breasts, with the forepart of her body facing yours, breadbasket to breadbasket. Her head should be in line with the remainder of her body, not turned, to make swallowing easier.
Tickle infant's lip with your nipple to encourage baby to open very broad, similar a yawn. If your infant isn't opening up, try to squeeze some colostrum, and subsequently, milk, onto her lips.
If your infant turns away, gently stroke the cheek on the side nearest you. The rooting reflex will make baby turn her head toward your breast.
Bring baby frontwards toward your breast once her mouth is open wide. Don't lean over and push button your chest into baby'due south mouth — allow your baby take the initiative. Proceed a hold of your breast until infant has a firm grasp and is suckling well.
Yous'll know you've got a proper latch when baby's mentum and the tip of her nose are touching your breast. Baby'due south lips will be flared outward, similar fish lips, rather than tucked in. Bank check that your fiddling one isn't sucking on her ain lower lip or natural language — newborns will suckle annihilation — past pulling her lower lip down while nursing.
Watch for suckling — that is, extracting colostrum or breast milk from your chest, not just sucking or gumming your nipple. If baby is suckling, you'll see a strong, steady suck-swallow-breath blueprint. Y'all'll as well find a rhythmic move in baby'due south cheek, jaw and ear. One time your milk comes in, listen for the sound of swallowing or gulping. You'll know baby isn't latched properly if you hear clicking noises.

Is infant having problem properly latching on? Break the suction carefully past gently inserting a make clean finger into the corner of her oral cavity or by pressing on your breast nigh the mouth. Then begin the lip tickling anew and permit her latch on again properly, with the nipple and the areola in the oral fissure.

How long to breastfeed

While you may have heard that short feeds prevent soreness and cracking, that usually doesn't come up from feeding too long simply from getting into a less-than-ideal position. Then instead of setting fourth dimension limits on each feed, allow your sweetie take her time at the breast — and expect feedings to be long initially.

Sessions typically final 20 to xxx minutes. But keep in heed, that'southward on boilerplate. Your infant could accept more or less time and need to feed for longer in the beginning and during growth spurts.
Bleed one breast fully. Ideally, at least 1 breast should be well-drained at each feeding. This is more of import than beingness sure baby feeds from both breasts, since hind milk — the last of the mature milk that baby feeds on — is richer in fats and calories. And so don't pull the plug arbitrarily. Instead, wait until your baby seems ready to quit on chest one, so offering, but don't force, breast 2. If baby drains one breast and doesn't want any more, start with the other chest at the next feeding.
Look for baby to signal she'south done. Cease the feeding by waiting for infant to allow become of the nipple. If your baby doesn't, you'll know to end the feeding when the suck-swallow blueprint slows downwards to effectually four sucks per one swallow. Often, your baby will fall comatose at the end of the first breast and either awaken to nurse from the second or sleep through until the side by side feeding. Again, unlatch past pressing on your breast virtually baby's oral cavity or carefully inserting a clean finger into the corner of your infant'southward mouth.

How often to breastfeed

Feeding babies when they're hungry (on demand) rather than on a schedule is ultimately best for breastfeeding success. But since babies usually aren't born hungry — their ambition by and large picks up around the third day — chances are at that place won't be much demand at first. Which means you may have to initiate — fifty-fifty push — at showtime.

A newborn should accept at to the lowest degree eight to 12 feedings each 24 hours, even if demand isn't upwards to that level notwithstanding, for the start few weeks. Intermission that downward and you'll probably exist nursing every two to three hours, day and nighttime, counting from the beginning of each nursing session.

Feeding patterns vary widely from baby to infant, however, and then you might need to nurse a little more or less oftentimes. If you accept a hungrier or more impatient baby on your hands, y'all may go piddling more than than an hour between feedings; a more than hands satisfied baby might be able to go for iii-and-a-half to four hours. If you feel similar you're nursing constantly, don't worry; information technology'south temporary. As your milk supply increases and your baby gets bigger, the breaks between feedings will go longer.

Don't be concerned or surprised if your formula-feeding or supplementing friends say their newborns eat far less ofttimes. Breast milk is more easily digested than infant formula, allowing the tummies of nursing babies to empty faster — and thirst for more sooner.

Signs baby'south hungry

A expert way to principal the correct breastfeeding residual is to nurse when your baby seems hungry. Don't wait for tears; by then, your little one may be uncomfortably hungry, especially the longer she cries. She might exist tiny but she'll make her needs known past:

Nuzzling confronting your breasts
Sucking furiously on that little baby manus — or your shirt, or your arm
Opening her mouth
Rooting, when baby opens her rima oris and turns her head to the side with her mouth open to find the food source, often after her cheek is stroked
Sucking on her lip or tongue, which can look like she'south sticking her natural language out
Making lip-smacking sounds
If she does cry, it volition typically be a brusk, low-pitched wail that rises and falls

Breastfeeding positions

Your infirmary will likely teach you the bones cradle hold. Only with some trial-and-error, yous might find another breastfeeding position works better for you and your babe. Here's the lowdown on all the basic breastfeeding positions:

Cradle hold: Position your baby so that her head rests in the bend of your elbow of the arm on the side you'll be breastfeeding, with the same hand supporting the residuum of baby's body. Agree your chest with your contrary hand and shrink it very gently so that the nipple points toward babe's nose.
Crossover hold: Hold your babe'south head with the mitt reverse to the breast you'll be nursing from. For instance, if nursing from the correct breast, concur the head with your left mitt. Using your gratuitous hand, cup your chest as you lot would for the cradle hold.
Football agree: Your baby'south legs are tucked under your arm on the same side as the chest you lot're nursing from. Hold your babe with that arm on a pillow to elevator her upwards, and utilize your other hand to cup your chest.
Side-lying position: A skilful position if yous're nursing in the eye of the night. Prevarication on your side with a pillow under your caput. Babe should face y'all, caput in line with your nipple. Utilize your hand on the side you're not lying on to cup your breast if you demand to. You may want to identify a small pillow behind your babe's back to concur her shut.
Laid-back position ("biological nurturing"): In this position, you lean back comfortably, semi-reclined, on a couch or bed with pillows supporting your upper back, neck and head. Place baby on you, stomach to tummy, lying on your chest in pretty much any direction that's comfy, with the babe's cheek on your breast. Your little i's weight will be supported past your reclining torso. The idea with this nursing position is to take advantage of gravity and naturally let baby seek out your nipple, just you tin also hold your chest and point it toward baby to encourage latching. This is a slap-up breastfeeding position for newborns, babies who spit up a lot, and infants who are gassy or accept ultra-sensitive stomachs. It likewise leaves your hands freer to caress with and caress your piffling cutie.

How to tell if your baby is getting enough milk

Many new nursing mothers worry at some point that baby isn't eating enough. Your breasts aren't calibrated on the outside, later on all, so you don't know how much milk you're producing and baby is consuming. If yous're concerned, a few indicators can help you check that your baby is getting her fill:

Disposition: If your little one seems happy and content after nearly feedings, then chances are she's a satisfied customer and is getting plenty milk. If she's crying and fussing or sucking on her fingers aimlessly later on a full feeding, she might still be hungry (though these tin can as well be signs of gas or infant colic).
Dirty diapers: Go on a careful count. After three or four days, your newborn should be pumping out at least six and up to 12 with articulate to very stake yellow urine and at least three or iv soft, yellow bowel movements over a 24-hour period in the get-go. For the commencement several weeks, it's a good idea to go along a record of breastfeeding frequency and diaper output, which y'all can bring along to the pediatrician's office at each visit.
Weight: Infants should proceeds weight steadily every week from the second calendar week on; iv to 7 ounces per week is typical for newborns, although weight proceeds varies depending on age and other factors. Your pediatrician will let you know if your baby'due south growth is on rails.

Breastfeeding tips

Nervous most getting started? These tips can help requite you more confidence and ensure you and baby get the most out of the experience:

Before you deliver

Learn all well-nigh it. Reading up can aid you go a leg up, fifty-fifty earlier you have your baby and get started. Consider a breastfeeding class — offered past many hospitals, lactation consultants or your local La Leche League — which tin teach y'all everything from how to latch and heave your milk supply to how to troubleshoot and involve your partner.
Get a room. The more time you lot and infant spend together in the hospital, the easier getting together for feedings will be, since that way she tin nurse on demand. Then put in a request in advance of your birth for full-time rooming (that is, sleeping with you instead of in the newborn nursery), if possible, or partial rooming-in days (not nights). If rooming-in isn't an pick or you make up one's mind to opt out of information technology, just ask to have babe brought to you whenever she's fix to feed, or about every ii to 3 hours, at least during the day.

At the hospital

Become an early on start. Babies are born ready to breastfeed and testify extra eagerness to suck during the first two hours afterward birth; the sucking reflex is at its nearly powerful about 30 to 60 minutes after nascence. So plan to breastfeed as soon as you tin can, assuming you and your new arrival are up to it. Merely don't stress if it doesn't happen right abroad — just catch up as soon as it'south practical.
Work the system. Hospital nurseries are decorated places, so it's non surprising that staff can exist quick to calm a fussy babe with a bottle. But breastfeeding from the get-go helps stimulate your supply, plus baby doesn't get used to the easier yield of an artificial nipple versus your harder-to-work breast. And so have the initiative when it comes to breastfeeding your baby if you make up one's mind to effort nursing exclusively from the starting time. Explicate your preferences to the staff.
Talk to a lactation consultant. Before you leave the hospital or birthing centre, you might exist able to schedule a visit with one or take a class then a pro tin can observe you feeding your baby, make sure you're on the right runway and check that your babe is getting enough milk. If you don't see a consultant, experience costless to ask for 1; she can also offer tips on caring for nursing breasts and expressing milk, forth with literature to take home — and then don't be afraid to enquire plenty of questions.

When you get home

Seek peace and quiet. Until breastfeeding becomes secondhand, you'll need to focus during feedings. And so get settled in an area with few distractions and low noise levels. When you go more comfy breastfeeding, you lot can proceed a magazine, phone or tablet nearby to keep yous occupied. Merely don't forget to put it down from time to time to interact with your little nurser — it's good for both of you. Try to avoid watching Goggle box or talking on the phone during the first few weeks too, until you get the hang of it.
Get comfy. Settle in a position that's comfortable for you and baby: on the burrow, in an armchair or glider or in bed, either propped up or lying down. If you're sitting up, a pillow across your lap helps raise infant to a comfortable top and prevents infant from putting pressure level on an incision site if you lot've had a cesarean. Prop up your artillery besides, since trying to support baby on your own can cause arm cramps and aches.
Quench your thirst. Have a absurd drink — milk, juice or water — past your side to furnish fluids as you feed; simply avert hot drinks in case of a spill. And, if information technology's been a while since your last meal, a snack.
Practice, practice, practice. Your supply is tailored to your baby's needs in those first few days of life, and those needs are minimal and usually easily filled by colostrum. So consider those early on feeds "dry runs" — a chance to perfect your technique while your milk supply builds upwards. Keep the rehearsals going once your milk comes in as well.
Switch sides. Start each feeding on the breast that babe didn't nurse on at all final time or that didn't drain completely. As a reminder, you can tuck a nursing pad or tissue into the bra loving cup on the side that y'all didn't nurse the last time, which volition likewise protect from any leakage your chest is letting down in apprehension.
Keep it upward. You might be tempted to stretch out the time between feedings, but endeavour to resist: Milk product is influenced past the frequency, intensity and duration of sucking, particularly during the first few weeks. Cutting down on frequent demand, cut sessions short or letting infant sleep too long between feedings, particularly during the day, can quickly sabotage your supply.
Soothe chapped skin. A lilliputian organic olive oil or kokosnoot oil can aid ward off cracked or chapped nipples — and go on you breastfeeding comfortably. A nipple shield can as well assist with hurting.
Give it time. Keep in listen that baby is a nursing rookie, and you lot are too (if this is your beginning time or fifty-fifty if it isn't since all infants are unlike). Y'all both take a lot to learn earlier you're in sync, even if you lot've successfully nursed another babe before.
Keep your cool. Feeling a little overwhelmed? That's natural. Only tension can inhibit let-down of milk. And then if you lot're feeling on edge simply before a feed, try to chill out with a few relaxation exercises — perhaps the same ones you used during birth: take a few deep breaths, close your eyes, mind to music. Your baby will likely be relaxed past your vibes, too.

Getting breastfeeding help

Looking for breastfeeding back up alee of fourth dimension? Or want help getting over a glitch? At that place are many breastfeeding problems experts and experienced peers can help you solve, from a poor latch to mastitis, breast engorgement and more. Here are some reliable resources you lot can call on:

Your baby's medico
A lactation consultant
A nurse who specializes in lactation
A postpartum doula
Local mom groups or breastfeeding support groups
Friends and family unit members who take nursed, who will likely be happy to offering yous an ear and reassurance that the bumps do eventually polish out
International Lactation Consultant Association (i-888-452-2478)
La Leche League International (877-4-LALECHE)
National Women'south Wellness and Breastfeeding Helpline (800-994-9662, 9 am to 6 pm)

If you've sought out professional person aid and are still having trouble breastfeeding, recall that it'southward not an all-or-naught suggestion. Talk to your medico about whether you should consider supplementing with formula or formula-feeding. Remember: What babies really need is love and attending from you — and that doesn't come up from breast or canteen.

From the What to Expect editorial team and Heidi Murkoff, author ofWhat to Expect When Yous're Expecting. What to Await follows strict reporting guidelines and uses only credible sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, academic enquiry institutions and highly respected health organizations. Learn how we keep our content accurate and up-to-date past reading our medical review and editorial policy.

What to Look the First Year, 3rd edition, Heidi Murkoff.

WhatToExpect.com, Am I Breastfeeding Likewise Frequently?, October 2021.

WhatToExpect.com, How to Care for Sore Nipples and Breastfeeding Hurting, Baronial 2020.

WhatToExpect.com, Breastfeeding Positions, Baronial 2020.

WhatToExpect.com, How to Get a Proper Breastfeeding Latch, August 2020.

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Breastfeeding Your Infant, May 2021.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Ensuring Proper Latch On, November 2015.

American Academy of Pediatrics, How to Tell if Your Breastfed Baby Is Getting Enough Milk, August 2020.

American Academy of Pediatrics, Newborn Reflexes, March 2022.

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KidsHealth From Nemours, Breastfeeding FAQs: Getting Started, November 2019.

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Electric Breast Double Pump Hands Free Cold Heat Pad for Nursing and Baby New

Breastfeeding: Basics and Tips for Nursing Your Baby